U.S.-Australia Technology Safeguards Agreement (TSA)

What is a TSA?
A TSA is an agreement between the United States of America and another Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) Partner country that establishes the legal and technical safeguards needed to support the launch of U.S.-licensed space launch vehicles (SLVs) and U.S.-licensed satellites from the territory of that MTCR Partner country and ensures the proper handling of sensitive U.S. technology.
Where does the agreement stand?
In October 2023, the United States of America and the Commonwealth of Australia signed a TSA. The TSA will enter into force upon confirmation by both parties that all domestic requirements have been met.
Why is a TSA important?
A TSA has the potential to open new commercial opportunities for both Americans and Australians in a range of advanced technologies related to space, including satellites. For the United States of America, a TSA is required to permit launches of commercial U.S. SLVs from Australia.
What financial opportunities are associated with the TSA?
The TSA could facilitate new commercial opportunities for the Australian aerospace industry and high-paying jobs benefitting the economies of both countries. Commercial opportunities would depend on Australian plans for infrastructure development and agreements with private launch firms.

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